What's in a NAME?

[Keith Alan]

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What is*NAME?

he*designation*of an*individual*person, or of a firm or*corporation. In law a man cannot have more than one*Christian name. Rex v. Newman, 1 Ld. Raytn. 062. As to the history of Christian names and surnames and their use and relative importance in law, see In re Snook, 2 Hilt. (N. Y.) 566.Law Dictionary:*http://thelawdictionary.org/name/#ixzz2qUo0q8l8

**What is*INDIVIDUAL?

As a noun, this term denotes a single person as distinguished from a group or class, and also, very commonly, a private or*natural person*as distinguished from apartnership,*corporation, or*association*; but it is said that this restrictive signi- fication is not necessarily inherent in tbe word, and that it may, in proper cases, include*artificial persons. See Bank of U. S. v. State, 12 Smedes & M. (Miss.) 400; State v. Bell Telephone Co.. 30 Ohio St. 310, 38 Am. Rep. 583; Pennsylvania it. Co. v. Canal Com’rs, 21 Pa. 20. As an adjective, “individual” means pertaining or*belonging to, or characteristic of, one single person, either in*opposition*to a firm, association, or corporation, or considered in his relation thereto.Law Dictionary:*http://thelawdictionary.org/individual/#ixzz2qUeTcFgl

** What is*ARTIFICIAL PERSON?

A nonhuman entity that is created by law and is legally different owning its own rights and duties. AKA jusistic person and legal person. Refer to*body corporate.Law Dictionary:*http://thelawdictionary.org/artifici...#ixzz2qUg6GJqT

** What is*BODY CORPORATE?

A*corporation

** What is*CORPORATION?

An*artificial person*or*legal entity*created by or under the authority of the laws of a state or nation, composed, in some rare instances, of a single person and his successors, being the incumbents of a*particular*oltice, but ordinarily*consisting*of anassociation*of numerous individuals, who subsist as a*body politic*under a specialdenomination, which is regarded In law as having a*personality*and existence distinct from that of its several members, and which is, by the same authority, vested with the capacity of*continuous*succession, irrespective of changes in its membership, either*in perpetuity*or for a limited term of years, and of acting as a unit or single*individual*in matters relating to the common purpose of the association, within the scope of the powers and*authorities*conferred upon such bodies by law. See Case of Sutton’s Hospital, 10 Coke. 32; Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 4 Wheat. 518, 636, 657. 4 L. Ed. 629; U. S. v. Trinidad Coal Co., 137 U. S. 160, 11 Sup. Ct. 57. 34 L. Ed. 640; Andrews Bros. Co. v. Youngstown Coke Co., 86 Fed. 585, 30 C. C. A. 293; Porter v. Railroad Co., 76 111. 573; State v. Payne, 129 Mo. 468, 31 S. W. 797. 33 L. R. A. 576; Farmers’ L. & T. Co. v. New York, 7 Hill (N. Y.) 2S3; State BL.LAW DICT.(2D ED.Law Dictionary:*http://thelawdictionary.org/corporation/#ixzz2qUh4BV2S

**What is*OFFICE?

“Office” is defined to be a right to exercise a public or private*employment, and to take the fees and emoluments thereunto belonging, whether public, as those of magistrates, or private, as of bailiffs, receivers, or the like. 2 Bl. Comm. 36. Itow- land v. New York, 83 N. Y. 372; Dailey v. State, 8 Blackf. (Ind.) 330; Blair v. Marye, 80 Va. 495; Worthy v. Barrett, 03 N. C. 202; People v. Duane, 121 N. Y. 307, 24 N. E. 845; U. S. v. Ilartwell, 6 Wall. 393, 18 L. Ed. 830. That function by virtue whereof a person has some employment in the affairs of an- other, whether judicial,*ministerial,*legislative, municipal,*ecclesiastical, etc. Cowell. An employment*on behalf of*the government in any station or*public trust, not merely transient, occasional, or incidental. In re Attorneys’ Oaths, 20 Johns. (N. Y.) 493. The most frequent occasions to use the word arise with reference to a duty and power conferred on an*individual*by the government; and, when this is the connection, “public office” is a usual and more discriminating expression. But a power and duty may exist without immediate grant from government, and may be properly called an “office;” as the office of executor, the office of steward. Here the individual acts towards legatees or towards tenants inperformance*of a duty, and in exercise of a power not derived from their consent, but devolved on him by an authority which quoad hoc is superior. Abbott. Offices may be classed as civil and military; and civil offices may be classed as political, judicial, and ministerial. Political offices are such as are not connected*immediately*with theadministration*of justice, or the execution of the mandates of a superior officer. Judicial are those which relate to the administration of justice. Ministerial are those which give the officer no power to judge of the matter to be done, and require him to obey the mandates of a superior. It is a general rule that a judicial office cannot be exercised by deputy, while a ministerial one may. Waldo v. Wallace, 12 Ind. 569. “Office” Is frequently used in the old books as an abbreviation for “inquest of office,” (q. v.)Law Dictionary:*http://thelawdictionary.org/office/#ixzz2qUnBlfIX
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Question: Under the definition of corporation, the word, 'oltice' appears, which I believe is a typo for 'office'. I also noticed under the same definition that these occasions are "rare" that an individual artificial person might be an incumbent to an office.

So my question is, how much weight should be given to "rare"?