Oh that part is easy to answer - international trade. Almost immediately the note is traded - assigned. Be thou not a respecter of persons. The agency of FMae and FMac go about the business of trading these notes internationally. This by the way is a BENEFICIAL SERVICE. Only the blind don't see.
Otherwise, the inflation within the United States would be so bad it would cost $100 for a loaf of bread or a gallon of gas. Greed and the love of money - I will bring you to ashes from within.
Value therefore is a subjective moving scale based on the amount of notes in circulation within the U.S. at the time the value is to be measured. If an expansion has occurred then the value will be perceived to be higher because the price for good will escalate - inflation. When the contraction occurs then those who have more notes can pick up interests with their "spare" cash found as a result of the expansion. The blind fool takes all he makes and spends it on himself - therefore he continues in a constant status of want.
Some refuse to play the game - these are the poor of the world - yet wealthy. They lack in notes but they have no debt.
Regards,
MJ