Thank you very much for this, David.

Based upon your response I assume that the answer would be, "Yes, the income tax is an excise tax upon the use of FRN's" -- is that correct?

And what is the basis for or evidence for the validity of the statement that if anyone else (other than Congress) accepts this private credit and uses it to purchase goods and services, the user voluntarily incurs the obligation requiring him to make a return of income whereby a portion of the income is collected by the IRS...?