In Medieval England, the king was the fount of justice and titles (political and legal theory).
At one time, the Domesday Book was considered the exclusive fountain of titles with nothing beyond it.

justice
mid-12c., "the exercise of authority in vindication of right by assigning reward or punishment;" also "quality of being fair and just," from O.Fr. justice "justice, legal rights, jurisdiction" (11c.), from L. iustitia "righteousness, equity," from iustus "upright, just" (see just (adj.)). The Old French word had widespread senses, including "uprightness, equity, vindication of right, court of justice, judge." The word began to be used in English c.1200 as a title for a judicial officer. Meaning "right order, equity" is late 14c. Justice of the peace first attested early 14c. In the Mercian hymns, L. iustitia is glossed by O.E. rehtwisnisse. To do justice to (someone or something) "render fully and fairly showing due appreciation" is from 1670s.

title
c.1300, "inscription, heading," from O.Fr. title (12c.), and in part from O.E. titul, both from L. titulus "inscription, heading," of unknown origin. Meaning "name of a book, play, etc." first recorded mid-14c. The sense of "name showing a person's rank" is first attested 1580s. The verb meaning "to furnish with a title" is attested from late 14c.
The king of England held radical title to land. Subjects were granted an abstract entity of ownership known as an estate in land. This estate may have rights, privileges, offices, and duties attached thereto. Also, this estate may have governmental powers associated with it as well such as a baron exercising jurisdiction over and receiving tribute (tax) from his subjects.

estate
early 13c., "rank, standing, condition," from Anglo-Fr. astat, O.Fr. estat "state, position, condition, health, status, legal estate" (Mod.Fr. ?tat), from L. status "state or condition," from root of stare "to stand" from PIE root *sta- "to stand" (see stet). For initial e-, see especial. Sense of "property" is late 14c., from that of "worldly prosperity;" specific application to "landed property" (usually of large extent) is first recorded in Amer.Eng. 1620s. A native word for this was M.E. ethel (O.E. ??el) "ancestral land or estate, patrimony." Meaning "collective assets of a dead person or debtor" is from 1830. The three estates (in Sweden and Aragon, four) conceived as orders in the body politic date from late 14c. In France, they are the clergy, nobles, and townsmen; in England, originally the clergy, barons, and commons, later Lords Spiritual, Lords Temporal, and commons. For Fourth Estate see four.

entitle
late 14c., "to give a title to a chapter, book, etc.," from Anglo-Fr. entitler, O.Fr. entiteler (Mod.Fr. intituler), from L.L. intitulare, from in- "in" (see in- (2)) + titulus "title" (see title). Meaning "to bestow (on a person) a rank or office" is mid-15c. Sense of "to give (someone) 'title' to an estate or property," hence to give that person a claim to possession or privilege, is mid-15c.; this now is used mostly in reference to circumstances and actions. Related: Entitled; entitling.
I assert that standing originally meant a subject's rank or status in the king's court. The king's court was social, political, and judicial.

Having a title would also grant the holder access to and exercise of political power within the system.

One's title or titles to land (estate in land) may be held for generations by the same family. This could create the last name for those familial household members.

The title or titles in land are held of (belonging to) the king.

The basis of an estate in land may begin with a survey.

The estate in land is a grant from king to subject originally.