Citizenship defined lost in translation.

[shikamaru]

As to the title of this thread, citizen means subject.
This definition of citizen as subject comes to us from English Common Law most particularly from the 14th century onward.
The concept of citizenship goes all the way back to the Greek and Roman empires.

Civilian can also mean a teacher, professor, student, or practitioner of Roman Civil Law. I found this definition while reading through a treatise on Admiralty Law.