Metallism vs. Chartalism

[allodial]

Compare and contrast the following:

[1] increase vs decrease;
[3] capital gain vs capital loss;
[4] capital receipt vs income;
[5] principal vs interest.
[6] tax increase vs increase in value of an asset
[7] value vs valuation.
[8] tax assessment vs valuation.

What is taxed principal or interest?
Would an original crop be taxed or the assessed valuation of the net increase in value of the crop from one point in time to another?
Is a capital gain an increase or a decrease?
Would a tax increase result from a decrease in value of an asset or from an increase in value of an asset?
Why is raising a tax assessment called an increase?
If Farmer A's crop is initially worth $500,000 and the value next year is $510K did he experience an increase or a decrease?

What you speak upon is interest and income vs. increase .

Or more likely, income is assessed on the increase in value of the underlying asset. If a note bears interest the principal + interest is a mathematical increase and income would be assessed on the valuation of the increase. Income however, is a generic term commonly split various into 'hairs': net income, gross income, taxable income.

I read books on income tax for fun.