12USC411 does not exist.

[David Merrill]

Payment was in gold until 1933. But I get your point. I think you have described the reason Congress cannot get rid of Title 12 USC §411 as much as attorneys would like to.

[Chex]

When Pinkerton was asked what is a dollar he said you take a one hundred dollar bill and cash it for one hundred singles it’s the same thing.

The word "dollar" is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution. In that context, "dollars" is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales.

In 1792 the U.S. Congress adopted legislation titled An act establishing a mint, and regulating the Coins of the United States.
Section 9 of that act authorized the production of various coins, including "DOLLARS OR UNITS—each to be of the value of a Spanish milled dollar as the same is now current, and to contain three hundred and seventy-one grains and four sixteenth parts of a grain of pure, or four hundred and sixteen grains of standard silver".

Section 20 of the act provided, "That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units... and that all accounts in the public offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation".
In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar

People are confused on this point because of the insidious manner in which FRNs "evolved" - actually, degenerated is a more appropriate verb - from the late 1920s until today.

FRNs of Series 1928 through Series 1950E carried the obligation "The United States of America will pay to the bearer on demand [some number of] dollars.”
Prior to 1934, the notes carried the inscription "Redeemable in gold on demand at the United States Treasury, or in gold or lawful money at any Federal Reserve Bank.”

After 1934, the notes carried the inscription "this note * * * is redeemable in lawful money at the United States Treasury, or at any Federal Reserve Bank" (post-1934).

Starting with Series 1963, the words "will pay to the bearer on demand" no longer appear; and each FRN simply states a particular denomination in "dollars.” http://www.constitution.org/mon/what_is_a_dollar.htm

United States coins. The situation with coinage is more complex, but equally (if not more) confusing. The United States Code provides for three different types of coinage denominated in "dollars": namely, base- metallic coinage, gold coinage, and silver coinage.

(1) The base-metallic coinage consists of "a dollar coin,” weighing "8.1 grams,” "a half dollar coin,” weighing "11.34 grams"; "a quarter coin,” weighing "5.67 grams": and "a dime coin,” weighing "2.268 grams.”8 All of these coins are composed of copper and nickel.9 The weights of the dime, the quarter, and the half dollar are in the correct arithmetical proportions, the one to each of the others.10 But the "dollar" is disproportionately light (or the other coins disproportionately heavy). In this series of base metallic coins, then, the questions naturally arise: Is the "dollar" a cupro-nickel coin weighing "8.1 grams"? Or is it two cupro- nickel coins (or four or ten coins) collectively weighing 22.68 grams? Or is it both? Or is it neither, but something else altogether, to which the weights of these coins are irrelevant?

(2) Similarly, the gold coinage consists of "[a] fifty dollar gold coin" that "weighs 33.931 grams, and contains one troy ounce of fine gold"; "[a] twenty-five dollar gold coin" that "contains one-half ounce of fine gold"; "[a] ten dollar gold coin" that "contains one fourth ounce of fine gold"; and "[a] five dollar gold coin" that "contains one tenth ounce of fine gold.”11 The "fifty dollar,” "twenty-five dollar,” and "five dollar" coins are in the correct arithmetical proportions each to the others. But the "ten dollar" coin is not. Therefore, is a "dollar" one-fiftieth or one-fortieth of an ounce of gold? Or both? Or neither?
The present monetary statutes do not define the “dollar” intelligibly.
a. Federal Reserve Notes. Most people mistake the Federal Reserve Note (FRN) “dollar bill” for a “dollar.” But no statute defines or ever defined the “one dollar” FRN as the “dollar” or even a “dollar.” Moreover, the United States Code provides that FRNs “shall be redeemed in lawful money on demand at the Treasury Department of the United States . . . or at any Federal Reserve bank.”3Thus, if FRNs are not themselves “lawful money,” they cannot be “dollars,” the units in which all “United States money is expressed.”

b. United States coins. The situation with coinage is equally confusing. The United States Code provides for base-metallic coinage, gold coinage, and silver coinage, all denominated in “dollars.” The base-metallic coinage includes “a dollar coin,” weighing “8.1 grams,” and composed of copper and nickel.4The gold coinage includes a “fifty dollar gold coin” that “weighs 33.931 grams, and contains one troy ounce of fine gold.”5Finally, the silver coinage consists of a coin that is inscribed “One Dollar,” weighs “31.103 grams,” and contains one ounce of “.999 fine silver.”6What is the rational relationship between this “dollar” of 31.103 grams of silver, a “fifty- dollar” coin containing 33.931 grams of gold alloy, and a “dollar” containing “8.1 grams” of base metals? Obviously, these are not the amounts of the metals that exchange against each other in the free market—that is, the different weights of different metals do not reflect equivalent purchasing powers. So, on what theory are each of these disparate weights, and purchasing powers, equally “dollars”?

c. Currency of “equal purchasing power.” The United States Code mandates that the latter question should not even be capable of being asked. http://fee.org/the_freeman/detail/what-is-a-dollar/

2012 RON PAUL vs. BEN BERNANKE -

[allodial]

...a. Federal Reserve Notes. Most people mistake the Federal Reserve Note (FRN) “dollar bill” for a “dollar.” But no statute defines or ever defined the “one dollar” FRN as the “dollar” or even a “dollar.” Moreover, the United States Code provides that FRNs “shall be redeemed in lawful money on demand at the Treasury Department of the United States . . . or at any Federal Reserve bank.”3Thus, if FRNs are not themselves “lawful money,” they cannot be “dollars,” the units in which all “United States money is expressed.”

It might make more sense in view of each Federal Reserve Bank being a clearinghouse and the FRN being a clearinghouse certificate with the 'cashout' and local currency of that clearinghouse being U.S. dollars. The confusion in the United States being a term or name for both a singularity called "the United States" and also for a plurality of states is another issue. The FRNs are for banks in 'the District'--this is made clear.

What do you do when you leave the Casino? You exchange your chips for 'real money' (i.e. you redeem them).

[David Merrill]

The amusing part is that the stock certificate is designed to depreciate over time. People are fools to even walk into such a casino!

[Keith Alan]

The amusing part is that the stock certificate is designed to depreciate over time. People are fools to even walk into such a casino!

I think it's greed that induces people to enter. Greed and ignorance. The temptation of being able to buy things with inflated currency - before that inflation becomes known and prices are changed to reflect it - is just too great.

[Michael Joseph]

I think it's greed that induces people to enter. Greed and ignorance. The temptation of being able to buy things with inflated currency - before that inflation becomes known and prices are changed to reflect it - is just too great.

looks to me like the mind has been put to bed and the body [flesh] is ruling the house. This is akin to the five lords of the Philistines [five senses] ruling the earth. I suppose folks think that things will bring joy, peace, contentment and happiness. Unfortunately those only come with purpose. A man told me once that I was a success because I was working toward my goal. I now see the wisdom in that statement. I am happiest in the work. While the fruits of the work are pleasant the work itself gives me purpose.

the system is erected on pacifying the people into a false contentment - it is like a cistern that requires new water once it goes dry. Purpose is a spring. Until then the house will be filled with vanity in things obtained - a house filled up with useless things.

An implied trust is built upon discourse. Why would I ask a question if I don't trust your answer? When the attorney general tried to tell me what I was to do by way of "friendly advise" my response is "I have no trust in you".

I can govern my affairs.

Regards,
MJ

[David Merrill]

Confidence = competence.

I find that through biofeedback my pineal gland will release dimethyltryptamine on command. Meanwhile many cities still load up the drinking water with calcium flouride, turning people's pineal glands into bone.

That is the heart of commercial priestcraft, render a people to accept that prophecy is so scarce they actually go through the expense to record Prophets and even renew the parchments, word for word over the centuries.

[allodial]

The amusing part is that the stock certificate is designed to depreciate over time. People are fools to even walk into such a casino!

At least in 1964 you could go from the casino to the State of Nevada (a post Civil War "State" (organized district?) nonetheless)--you could get silver coin. Eventually thanks to Nixon & co., you could (from 1971 and after) hope to go from the casino to the nearest Federal Reserve District.





Related:

• The Gaming Tokens of 1965
• Casino Chips vs American Currency
• New World Banking Order?

[Chex]

Reminds me of the Old Pancake. http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Comstock_Lode.aspx and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_mining_in_Nevada

[Michael Joseph]

Meanwhile many cities still load up the drinking water with calcium flouride, turning people's pineal glands into bone.

not to toot my own horn but that is exactly why I got into the water business. Years ago when I practiced as a professional engineer a colleague and I wrote a local municipality demanding to know why they insist on flouridation of the water supply. After some inconsequential responses from the front line know nothings - we approached the city attorney. He of course fell into he works for the city. Which is a way of saying this is a closed loop here boys. So we persisted to the city manager. Who then decided to answer our RFI. He was so very instructional as to say "it is policy of the State". So we wrote the State. BIG SURPRISE we were stone walled by an attorney with the same ole routine: "I cannot give you advise, I work for the State".

IMO I see the STATE as no different than WALMART or GMAC or any other corporation. So then why would I want to purchase water that is IMO contaminated with poison? So I got into the water game. See my signature below. I work as a civil engineer or did at one time and I designed water treatment and collection facilities. I know the "minimal" measures to treat water and the pros and cons of each treatment. Which is why I purify all of our drinking water and strip the chlorine out of all of our shower water. The skin being the largest organ - do a little study on chlorine and the third reich. They used chlorine to PACIFY the prisoners.

Now then why would I make any filings if I don't have an obligation to file?

Regards,
MJ