James, Duke of York:
He was the king of England, Ireland, and Scotland, and the son of Charles I. He escaped to the Continent in 1648 and returned to England at the Restoration in 1660. He became king on the death of his brother, Charles II, in 1685, but had a decreasing reputation due to his conversion to Catholicism. William of Orange and his wife, Mary, James's daughter, were invited to England by Whig and Tory leaders in 1688, and James was allowed to escape to France. He changed the Netherlands to New York and changed the name of the capital from Fort Orange to Albany.