Article I, §8 "Necessary and proper" clause
Article IV, §3 "Needful Rules and Regulations" clause
As a matter of law, you are correct. As a matter of presumption, there are more than three.
This could be better summarized as places subject to the exclusive legislative jurisdiction of the US. Those places are not limited to "official" territories. e.g. Click on this link:https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...k/geos/us.html
Then click on and expand the "Government ::UNITED STATES" section. You'll see a list of "states" that are mere "Administrations divisions" of the US. Those "states" are also in the same general category as D.C., which should tell you -- in addition to those "state" names not being the proper names of the several States -- you're dealing with "states" that are territorial nature.