Thanks for the donkey metaphor. I enjoy going through that mental model with you X.

Allodial - something makes a lot more sense about responsibility when you understand that an execution crucifixion required no nails. The Roman soldiers would simply tie the man to so tree or an X with him upside down. He would die in an hour or two.

But I would like you to review what Jesus said to the two "thieves" that we being tortured with Jesus. Remember the one took responsibility for his crime and Jesus told him he would see the Kingdom this day. It makes sense that Jesus knew they would all be surviving the night - barring infection from the puncture wounds.